Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) exhibit intriguing luminescent properties, rendering them valuable assets in diverse fields such as bioimaging, sensing, and therapeutics. However, the potential toxicological impacts of UCNPs necessitate thorough investigation to ensure their safe application. This review aims to present a detailed analysis of th

Understanding chemical phenomena around us hinges on grasping the fundamental principles of atomic arrangement. Every substance is composed of individual atoms structured in specific configurations. These building blocks interact through chemical reactions, producing entirely new materials. By investigating these reactions, we can decode the nuance

Chemical creation is a foundation of modern life. From the pharmaceuticals that alleviate disease to the substances that make up our environment, chemical processes are essential to our well-being. Through the precise manipulation of atoms and components, chemists forge a diverse range of substances that shape our world. Thanks to the synthetic man